Process for producing porous particulates of graphene shell-protected alkali metal, electrodes, and alkali metal battery

A process for producing porous graphene particulates for an alkali metal battery, said process comprising:

• A) Depositing particles or coating of a lithium-attracting metal or sodium-attracting metal onto particle surfaces of a sacrificial material to obtain metal-deposited sacrificial particles, wherein said lithium-attracting or sodium-attracting metal is selected from Au, Ag, Mg, Zn, Ti, Li, Na, K, Al, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Sn, V, Cr, or an alloy thereof;
• B) mixing multiple particles of a graphitic material, said metal-deposited sacrificial particles, and an optional ball-milling media to form a mixture in an impacting chamber of an energy impacting apparatus;
• C) operating said energy impacting apparatus with a frequency and an intensity for a length of time sufficient for peeling off graphene sheets from said graphitic material and transferring said graphene sheets to surfaces of said metal-deposited sacrificial particles to produce graphene-embraced metal-deposited sacrificial inside said impacting chamber;
• D) recovering said graphene-embraced metal-deposited sacrificial particles from said impacting chamber;
• and
• E) partially or completely removing the sacrificial particles from the graphene-embraced metal-decorated sacrificial particles to form porous graphene particulates, wherein at least a porous graphene particulate comprises a graphene shell encapsulating a porous core, wherein said graphene shell comprises multiple graphene sheets and the porous core comprises one or a plurality of pores and pore walls and said lithium-attracting metal or sodium-attracting metal resides in the pores or is deposited on the pore walls.