Battery Paste and Electrolyte Compositions and Electrochemical Cell for Use Therewith

A lead acid battery comprising:

• a container;
• a plurality of electrochemical cells within the container, the electrochemical cells comprising:
• a plurality of flat positive plates each composed of a grid formed of virgin lead or high purity lead or highly purified secondary lead and a positive battery paste disposed on the grid, the battery paste comprising a lead-containing composition, a positive plate paste vehicle, and a polyvinylsulfonate additive;
• a plurality of flat negative plates each composed of a grid and a negative battery paste disposed on the grid, the battery paste comprising a lead-containing composition and a negative plate paste vehicle;
• an absorbent glass mat interleaved between the flat positive plate and the flat negative plate;
• and
• an electrolyte in the container and retained in the absorbent glass mat, the electrolyte including phosphoric acid;
• the plurality of flat positive plates and the plurality of flat negative. plates being connected by intercell connectors and coupled to one or more terminals;
• and
• a lid on the container.

A lead acid battery comprising:

• a container;
• a plurality of electrochemical cells within the container, the electrochemical cells comprising:
• a plurality of flat positive plates each composed of a grid formed of virgin lead or high purity lead or highly purified secondary lead and a positive battery paste disposed on the grid, the battery paste comprising a lead-containing composition, a positive plate paste vehicle, and a polyvinylsulfonate additive;
• a plurality of flat negative plates each Composed of a grid and a negative battery paste disposed on the grid, the battery paste comprising a lead-containing composition, a negative plate paste vehicle, an expander, and a polyvinylsulfonate additive;
• an absorbent glass mat interleaved between the flat positive plate and the flat negative plate;
• and
• an electrolyte in the container and, retained in the absorbent glass mat, the electrolyte including phosphoric acid, water, sulfuric acid, and sodium sulfate;
• the plurality of flat positive plates and the plurality of flat negative plates being connected by intercell connectors and coupled to one or more terminals;
• and
• a lid on the container.