Fast-chargeable lithium battery

A lithium secondary battery comprising an anode, a cathode, a porous separator disposed between said anode and said cathode, an electrolyte, and a lithium ion reservoir disposed between said anode and said porous separator and configured to receive lithium ions from said cathode through said porous separator when said battery is charged and enable said lithium ions to enter said anode in a time-delayed manner, wherein said lithium ion reservoir comprises an electron-conducting or lithium ion-conducting porous framework structure having pores, having a pore size from 1 nm to 500 μm, and lithium-capturing groups residing in said pores, wherein said lithium-capturing groups are selected from (a) redox forming species that reversibly form a redox pair with a lithium ion when said battery is charged;

• (b) electron-donating groups interspaced between non-electron-donating groups;
• (c) anions and cations wherein the anions are more mobile than the cations;
• or (d) chemical reducing groups that partially reduce lithium ions from Li+1 to Li+δ, wherein 0<δ<1.