Architectures for vehicle tolling

A method for issuing a toll charge, the method comprising:

• capturing, by one or more cameras, images of vehicles passing through a toll station;
• receiving, by vehicle detection and classification circuitry, an image of a vehicle from the one or more cameras and execute a first machine learning (ML) model to classify the vehicle;
• executing, by axle count circuitry and in response to receiving data from the vehicle detection and classification circuitry indicating that a vehicle was detected, a second ML model to classify a number of axles of the vehicle for determining a toll charge;
• and
• issuing, by toll circuitry, the toll charge based on the classified number of axles.

A non-transitory machine-readable medium including instructions that, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform operations for improved automatic toll generation, the operations comprising:

• receiving an image of a vehicle from the one or more cameras and execute a first machine learning (ML) model to classify the vehicle;
• executing, in response to receiving data indicating that a vehicle was detected, a second ML model to classify a number of axles of the vehicle for determining a toll charge;
• and
• issuing the toll charge based on the classified number of axles.