Image coding apparatus for coding tile boundaries

Circuity executing operations, the operations comprising:

• dividing a picture into tiles;
• coding the tiles to generate pieces of coded data, each of which corresponds to a different one of the tiles;
• and
• generating a bitstream including the pieces of coded data,
• wherein the coding of the tiles includes:
• generating a first code string by:
• coding a first tile of the tiles with reference to coding information of an already-coded tile neighboring the first tile when a boundary between the first tile and the already-coded tile is a first boundary;
• and
• coding the first tile without reference to the coding information of the already-coded tile when the boundary between the first tile and the already-coded tile is a second boundary, and
• wherein, in the generating of the bitstream, the bitstream is generated to include tile boundary independence information, the tile boundary independence information indicating whether each boundary between the tiles is one of the first boundary and the second boundary.