Image encoding method and apparatus and image decoding method and apparatus

An image decoding method, comprising:

• obtaining bitstream data of a to-be-decoded image, wherein the bitstream data of the to-be-decoded image comprises encoded data of the to-be-decoded image and identification information used to identify a reference image of the to-be-decoded image;
• searching, based on the identification information, a reconstructed-image set for a reconstructed image having the identification information of the reference image, wherein the reconstructed image is a knowledge-base reconstructed image obtained through reconstruction, the knowledge-base reconstructed image is a reconstructed image of an image in a knowledge-base image set, and the image in the knowledge-base image set is used as a candidate reference image of an image in a to-be-decoded video sequence in which the to-be-decoded image is located;
• and
• in response to determining that the reconstructed image having the identification information of the reference image is found, performing inter-frame decoding on the encoded data of the to-be-decoded image based on the reconstructed image having the identification information of the reference image, to obtain a reconstructed image of the to-be-decoded image.

An image encoding apparatus, comprising:

• an obtaining unit, configured to obtain a to-be-encoded image in a to-be-encoded video sequence and at least one knowledge-base image from a knowledge-base image set;
• a selection unit, configured to select a reference image of the to-be-encoded image from the at least one knowledge-base image, wherein an image in the knowledge-base image set is used as a candidate reference image of an image in the to-be-encoded video sequence;
• and
• an encoding unit, configured to perform inter-frame encoding on the to-be-encoded image based on the reference image to obtain bitstream data of the to-be-encoded image, wherein the bitstream data of the to-be-encoded image comprises encoded data of the to-be-encoded image and identification information used to identify the reference image.

An image decoding apparatus, comprising:

• an obtaining unit, configured to obtain bitstream data of a to-be-decoded image, wherein the bitstream data of the to-be-decoded image comprises encoded data of the to-be-decoded image and identification information used to identify a reference image of the to-be-decoded image;
• a search unit, configured to search, based on the identification information of the reference image, a reconstructed-image set for a reconstructed image having the identification information of the reference image, wherein the reconstructed image is a knowledge-base reconstructed image obtained through reconstruction, the knowledge-base reconstructed image is a reconstructed image of an image in a knowledge-base image set, and the image in the knowledge-base image set is used as a candidate reference image of an image in a to-be-decoded video sequence in which the to-be-decoded image is located;
• and
• a decoding unit, configured to:
• in response to determining that the reconstructed image having the identification information of the reference image is found, perform inter-frame decoding on the encoded data of the to-be-decoded image based on the reconstructed image having the identification information of the reference image, to obtain a reconstructed image of the to-be-decoded image.