Method for testing a mutant gene through real time polymerase chain reaction using inhibition of 5'-flap endonuclease activity

A method of determining a mutation of a gene, the method comprising:

• providing a template DNA for testing, the template DNA comprising a DNA strand that contains a pre-identified potential SNP location in its sequence;
• performing a real-time PCR of the template DNA in the presence of a first primer, a second primer, a DNA polymerase, and a probe to provide a PCR product strand which comprises a primer portion originating from the first primer and a polymerized portion extending from the primer portion, in which the polymerized portion comprises a base at a location corresponding to the pre-identified potential SNP location of the DNA strand,
• wherein the probe is configured to enable fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET),
• wherein the probe comprises a first portion and a second portion that extends from the first portion to a 5′-end of the probe,
• wherein the first portion of the probe is designed to be complementary to at least part of the first primer such that the probe hybridizes to the PCR product strand during the real-time PCR,
• wherein the second portion of the probe is designed to comprise a first base at the 5′-end of the probe and a second base next to the first base such that the second base corresponds to the base of the PCR product strand at the location corresponding to the pre-identified potential SNP location of the DNA strand and further such that the first base is not complementary to its corresponding base of the PCR product strand,
• wherein, when the probe hybridizes to the PCR product strand during the real-time PCR, the first base and the second base of the second portion provide a flap with one base at the 5′-end of the probe if the template DNA does not have a mutation at the pre-identified potential SNP location,
• wherein, when the probe hybridizes to the PCR product strand during the real-time PCR, the first base and the second base of the second portion provide a flap with two or more bases at the 5′-end of the probe if the template DNA has a mutation at the pre-identified potential SNP location,
• wherein the DNA polymerase has a 5′-flap endonuclease (FEN) activity for a flap with one base while the 5′-flap endonuclease (FEN) activity is inhibited for a flap with two or more bases,
• wherein when the probe has a flap with one base, the DNA polymerase hydrolyzes the flap with one base and performs DNA polymerization during the real-time PCR, which will generate a FRET signal,
• wherein when the probe has a flap with two or more bases, the 5′-flap endonuclease (FEN) activity of the DNA polymerase is inhibited and does not perform DNA polymerization during the real-time PCR, which does not generate a FRET signal,
• determining that the template DNA does not have a mutation at the pre-identified potential SNP location if a FRET signal is detected;
• and
• determining that the template DNA does have a mutation at the pre-identified potential SNP location if a FRET signal is not detected.