Novel surfactant mixture, novel composition comprising same and use thereof in foam liquids for fighting fires

A surfactant mixture (M1) comprising, per 100% of its mass:

• (i)—from 50% to 99% by mass of a composition (C1) comprising, per 100% of its mass:
• (α)—from 65 mass % to 90 mass % of at least one compound of formula (I):
• R1—C(═O)—NH—CH(COOH)—(CH2)2—COOH (I)
• in partially or totally salified acid form in which the group R1—C(═O)— represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyl radical including from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and
• (β)—from 10% by mass to 35% by mass of at least one compound of formula (II):
• R1—C(═O)—OH (II)
• in partially or totally salified acid form in which the group R1 is as defined for formula (I),
• (ii)—from 1% to 50% by mass of a composition (C2) comprising, per 100% of its mass:
• (γ)—from 37.5% to 100% by mass of a composition (C3) or of a mixture of compositions (C3), said composition (C3) being represented by formula (III):
• R3—O-(G3)p-H (III)
• in which R3 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical including from 12 to 16 carbon atoms, G3 represents a reducing sugar residue and p represents a decimal number greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 5, said composition (C3) consisting of a mixture of compounds represented by formulae (III1), (III2), (III3), (III4) and (III5):
• R3—O-(G3)1-H (III1),
• R3—O-(G3)2-H (III2),
• R3—O-(G3)3-H (III3),
• R3—O-(G3)4-H (III4),
• R3—O-(G3)5-H (III5),
• in the respective molar proportions a1, a2, a3, a4 and as, such that:
• the sum a1+a2+a3+a4+a5 is equal to 1, and
• the sum a1+2a2+3a3+4a4+5a5 is equal to p;
• (δ)—from 0% to 37.5% by mass of at least one alcohol of formula (IV):
• R3—OH (IV)
• in which R3 is as defined for the preceding formula (III),
• (ε)—from 0% to 12.5% of a composition (C4) or of a mixture of compositions (C4), said composition (C4) being represented by formula (V):
• R4—O-(G4)q-H (V)
• in which R4 represents a linear aliphatic radical, chosen from butyl (n-C4H9—), pentyl (n-C5H11—), hexyl (n-C6H13—) and heptyl (n-C7H15—) radicals, G4 represents a reducing sugar residue and q represents a decimal number greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 5, said composition (C4) consisting of a mixture of compounds represented by formulae (V1), (V2), (V3), (V4) and (V5):
• R4—O-(G4)1-H (V1),
• R4—O-(G4)2-H (V2)
• R4—O-(G4)3-H (V3),
• R4—O-(G4)4-H (V4),
• R4—O-(G4)5-H (V5),
• in the respective molar proportions a′1, a′2, a′3, a′4 and a′5, such that:
• the sum a′1+a′2+a′3+a′4+a′5 is equal to 1, and
• the sum a′1+2a′2+3a′3+4a′4+5a′5 is equal to q;
• and
• (η)—from 0% to 12.5% by mass of at least one alcohol of formula (VI):
• R4—OH (VI)
• in which R4 is as defined for the preceding formula (V).