Molecularly-Imprinted Electrochemical Sensors

A device, comprising:

• a layer of silicon having a thickness of from about 100 microns to about 1 millimeter;
• a layer of chromium on the layer of silicon, the layer of chromium and the layer of silicon having a combined resistance of about 60 ohms;
• from about five to about 15 layers of graphene on the layer of chromium and in electrical communication with the layer of chromium, wherein the layers of graphene comprise potassium ferrocyanide;
• a layer of molecularly imprinted polypyrrole on the layers of graphene and in electrical communication with the layers of graphene;
• and
• one or more electrical contacts in electrical communication with the layer of molecularly imprinted polypyrrole,
• wherein the device is about 5 millimeters or less in length, about 5 millimeters or less in width, and about 1 millimeter or less in height;
• and has a resistance of from about 10 ohms to about 100 ohms.

A method of making a device, comprising:

• applying one or more layers of metal to a layer of silicon;
• and
• applying a layer of molecularly imprinted polymer to the device such that the layer of molecularly imprinted polymer is in electrical communication with the one or more layers of metal,
• wherein the one or more layers of metal are each independently selected from a layer of chromium, platinum, gold, nickel, cobalt, tungsten, rhodium, iridium, silver, tin, titanium or tantalum, or an alloy thereof.