System, method, and composition for removing uremic toxins in dialysis processes

A dialysis system comprising:

• a dialysate supply container;
• a dialysate loop;
• a dialysate pump positioned and arranged to fluidly communicate dialysate from the dialysate supply container along the dialysate loop;
• a supply of concentrate;
• a concentrate pump in fluid communication with the supply of concentrate for supplying concentrate to the dialysate loop;
• a sorbent cartridge for cleaning used dialysate flowing in the dialysate loop, wherein the sorbent cartridge includes a layer comprising urease, a layer comprising zirconium oxide, a layer comprising zirconium phosphate, and a layer comprising carbon;
• and
• a gas vent located downstream from the sorbent cartridge for venting gas from the dialysate loop.

A dialysis system comprising:

• a dialysate supply container;
• a dialysate loop;
• a dialysate pump positioned and arranged to fluidly communicate dialysate from the dialysate supply container along the dialysate loop;
• a supply of concentrate;
• a concentrate pump in fluid communication with the supply of concentrate for supplying concentrate to the dialysate loop;
• and
• a sorbent cartridge for cleaning used dialysate flowing in the dialysate loop, wherein the sorbent cartridge includes a layer comprising urease, a layer comprising zirconium oxide, a layer comprising zirconium phosphate, and a layer comprising carbon, the sorbent cartridge further including a gas separation chamber having a gas vent for venting gas from the gas separation chamber.

A dialysis system comprising:

• a dialysate supply container;
• a dialysate loop;
• a dialysate pump positioned and arranged to fluidly communicate dialysate from the dialysate supply container along the dialysate loop;
• a supply of concentrate;
• a concentrate pump in fluid communication with the supply of concentrate for supplying concentrate to the dialysate loop;
• and
• a sorbent cartridge for cleaning used dialysate flowing in the dialysate loop, wherein the sorbent cartridge includes a layer comprising urease, a layer comprising zirconium oxide, a layer comprising zirconium phosphate, and a layer comprising carbon, the sorbent cartridge further including an outlet cap, the outlet cap including (i) a dialysate fluid outlet, (ii) a gas vent for venting gas from the gas separation chamber, and (iii) a concentrate port for receiving concentrate from the supply of concentrate.