Micro-rnas and compositions comprising same for the treatment and diagnosis of serotonin-, adrenalin-, noradrenalin-, glutamate-, and corticotropin-releasing hormone- associated medical conditions

A method of downregulating an expression of a gene selected from the group consisting of adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (Adcyap1 or PACAP);

• adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 receptor 1 (Adcyap1r1);
• adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a (Adra2a);
• an ankyrin 3 (ANK3);
• activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc);
• Rho GTPase activating protein 6 (Arhgap6);
• activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3);
• beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (Bace1);
• calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit (Cacna1d);
• cell adhesion molecule 3 (Cadm3);
• complexin 1 (Cplx1);
• complexin 2 (Cplx2);
• CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1 (Csmd1);
• casein kinase 1, gamma 1 (Csnk1g1);
• doublecortin (Dcx);
• DIRAS family, GTP-binding RAS-like 2 (Diras2);
• discs, large homolog 2 (Drosophila) (Dlg2);
• ELK1, member of ETS oncogene family (Elk1);
• fyn-related kinase (Frk);
• fucosyltransferase 9 (alpha (1,3) fucosyltransferase) (Fut9);
• gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA-A) receptor, subunit beta 2 (Gabrb2);
• GATA binding protein 3 (Gata3);
• growth hormone secretagogue receptor (Ghsr);
• G protein-coupled receptor 3 (Gpr3);
• a glutamate receptor, ionotropic AMPA3 (alpha 3) (GRIA3);
• glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 3 (Grik3);
• G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (Grk5);
• a glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3B);
• hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 1 (Hcn1), hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated K+2 (Hcn2), 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A (Htr1a);
• inositol monophosphatase (IMPA1), kalirin, RhoGEF kinase (Kalrn);
• a potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 3 (KCNN3);
• karyopherin alpha 3 (importin alpha 4) (Kpna3);
• myelin transcription factor 1-like (Myt11);
• nuclear receptor coactivator 2 (Ncoa2);
• N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 4 (Ndrg4);
• a nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) adaptor protein (NOS1AP);
• nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2 (Nr3c2);
• netrin G1 (Ntng1);
• nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 (Nucks1);
• phosphodiesterase 1A, calmodulin-dependent (Pde1a);
• phosphodiesterase 4A, cAMP specific (Pde4a);
• phosphodiesterase 8B (Pde8b);
• phospholipase C, beta 1 (Plcb1);
• prolactin receptor (Prlr);
• RAB1B, member RAS oncogene family (Rab1b);
• Ras-Related Protein Rap-2a (Rap2a);
• Retinoid-Related Orphan Receptor Beta (Rorb);
• sirtuin 1 (silent mating type information regulation 2, homolog) 1 (Sirt1);
• solute carrier family 12, (potassium/chloride transporters) member 6 (Slc12a6);
• solute carrier family 5 (choline transporter), member 7 (Slc5a7);
• solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4 (Slc6a4);
• trans-acting transcription factor 1 (Sp1);
• synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 b (Sv2b);
• Synaptic nuclear envelope 1 (encodes nesprin-1) (Syne1);
• synaptotagmin I (Syt1);
• synaptotagmin II (Syt2);
• synaptotagmin III (Syt3);
• transforming growth factor, beta receptor II (Tgfbr2);
• thyroid hormone receptor, beta (Thrb);
• transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6 (Trpc6);
• vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (Vamp2);
• wingless-related MMTV integration site 3 (Wnt3);
• and zinc finger, BED domain containing 4 (Zbed4) in a neuroglia cell, the method comprising:
• (a) upregulating an activity or expression of a miR-135 or a precursor thereof in said neuroglia cell;
• and
• (b) measuring an expression of said gene in said neuroglia cell,
• thereby downregulating the expression of the gene.

A method of treating a medical condition in which an elevation of serotonin level is therapeutically beneficial in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an agent capable of downregulating an activity or expression of a miR-135 target selected from the group consisting of adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (Adcyap1 or PACAP);

• adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 receptor 1 (Adcyap1r1);
• adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a (Adra2a);
• an ankyrin 3 (ANK3);
• activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc);
• Rho GTPase activating protein 6 (Arhgap6);
• activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3);
• beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (Bace1);
• calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit (Cacna1d);
• cell adhesion molecule 3 (Cadm3);
• complexin 1 (Cplx1);
• complexin 2 (Cplx2);
• CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1 (Csmd1);
• casein kinase 1, gamma 1 (Csnk1g1);
• doublecortin (Dcx);
• DIRAS family, GTP-binding RAS-like 2 (Diras2);
• discs, large homolog 2 (Drosophila) (Dlg2);
• ELK1, member of ETS oncogene family (Elk1);
• fyn-related kinase (Frk);
• fucosyltransferase 9 (alpha (1,3) fucosyltransferase) (Fut9);
• gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA-A) receptor, subunit beta 2 (Gabrb2);
• GATA binding protein 3 (Gata3);
• growth hormone secretagogue receptor (Ghsr);
• G protein-coupled receptor 3 (Gpr3);
• a glutamate receptor, ionotropic AMPA3 (alpha 3) (GRIA3);
• glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 3 (Grik3);
• G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (Grk5);
• a glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3B);
• hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 1 (Hcn1), hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated K+2 (Hcn2), 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A (Htr1a);
• inositol monophosphatase (IMPA1), kalirin, RhoGEF kinase (Kalrn);
• a potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 3 (KCNN3);
• karyopherin alpha 3 (importin alpha 4) (Kpna3);
• myelin transcription factor 1-like (Myt11);
• nuclear receptor coactivator 2 (Ncoa2);
• N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 4 (Ndrg4);
• a nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) adaptor protein (NOS1AP);
• nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2 (Nr3c2);
• netrin G1 (Ntng1);
• nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 (Nucks1);
• phosphodiesterase 1A, calmodulin-dependent (Pde1a);
• phosphodiesterase 4A, cAMP specific (Pde4a);
• phosphodiesterase 8B (Pde8b);
• phospholipase C, beta 1 (Plcb1);
• prolactin receptor (Prlr);
• RAB1B, member RAS oncogene family (Rab1b);
• Ras-Related Protein Rap-2a (Rap2a);
• Retinoid-Related Orphan Receptor Beta (Rorb);
• sirtuin 1 (silent mating type information regulation 2, homolog) 1 (Sirt1);
• solute carrier family 12, (potassium/chloride transporters) member 6 (Slc12a6);
• solute carrier family 5 (choline transporter), member 7 (Slc5a7);
• solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4 (Slc6a4);
• trans-acting transcription factor 1 (Sp1);
• synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 b (Sv2b);
• Synaptic nuclear envelope 1 (encodes nesprin-1) (Syne1);
• synaptotagmin I (Syt1);
• synaptotagmin II (Syt2);
• synaptotagmin III (Syt3);
• transforming growth factor, beta receptor II (Tgfbr2);
• thyroid hormone receptor, beta (Thrb);
• transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6 (Trpc6);
• vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (Vamp2);
• wingless-related MMTV integration site 3 (Wnt3);
• and zinc finger, BED domain containing 4 (Zbed4), wherein said agent is not miR-135, thereby treating the medical condition.