Shock wave nano-technology method

II. A method of increasing a bond strength of coatings with substrate in 4-5-fold comprising the steps of:

• (a) into a Plasma torch which is operated by Air is being inserting Hydrocarbons to create the detonation process;
• (b) set up the duration of detonation pulse is being around 10−4 s (102 μs) at the slop of a pulse's front is 106-109 A/s.

III. A method of producing a Nano-particles which is in turn formatting Nano coatings comprising the steps of;

• (a) igniting DC/AC plasma arc in plasma forming gas;
• (b) imposing on the plasma arc the pulses ΔI in direct/reverse or both polarity plasma current I;
• (c) set up the slope of the front of pulses 106-109 A/s at amplitude ΔI/Iplasma current≥4-5, duration of them for subtraction range is 102 μs≥τ25 μs, frequency range Fmodulation≥20 kHz which is necessary to control length Larc and accordingly V-I characteristics of DC/AC arc of plasma torch, generating a shock waves disintegration some liquid particles up to Nano size fragments and accelerating them.

IV. The method as define in claim I, II, III, the common “time duration of pulse of a different nature:

• laser initiated chemical reaction, detonation spraying process, pulses of current for spraying (claims #I, II, III) must be set up the same duration around 102 μs under slope of the pulses 106-106 A/s.

V. To exclude of oxygen from Air plasma and increase an enthalpy of plasma—should be inserting in the plasma a hydrocarbon which increase a coefficient of spraying efficiency and, in turn, convert the torch with a vorticial stabilization of an arc into high effective pseudo-laminar plasma.

VI. The point of material feeding in the torch must be in an area where a plasma arc is attached to the anode.

VII. The method as define in claim III to decrease nonmetallic contaminations (Me-metal, MeO, MeN, MeC) contents in 3-4-fold in spraying product.

VI. The method as define in claim III wherein to control a porosity of coatings in the range 0-40% should be variating the frequency of pulse modulation and an anode length within 60%.

VII. The method as define in claim III wherein to convert plasma spraying torch operation to the regime of Nano particles generation up to size 0.1-5 nm—should increase the enthalpy of plasma jet to disintegrate and accelerate them by shock waves created by pulse modulation.

VIII. The method as define in claim III wherein to change the Larc relatively to the point of powder feeding for spraying which occur impact on parameters of spraying, torch characteristics, etc., should be set up a velocity arc's electrons close to the phase velocity of wave which is creating by pulse modulator:

• these resonant electrons gain energy from the wave that led to control the Larc and moreover is raising heat efficiency of the torch up to 30%.

IX. The method as define in claim III wherein by changing the frequency modulation can be find the value corresponding to a minimal average current I vs. maximal voltage V and Larc.

X. The method as define in claim III wherein suitable time const of a type of plasma forming gas should be lower than 30 μs to create a high effective shock wave.

XI. The method as define in claim III wherein when the pulses are applied to an arc in the reverse polarity, the integral characteristic of disintegrating of the particles reaches 100% at frequency corresponding to the growth of large-scale shunting of the arc at the spraying wire-anode.

XII. The method as define in claim III wherein the minimum size of the sprayed particles is determined by a number of shock waves interacting with the particle during its flight.

XIII. The method as define in claim III;

• the use of current modulation makes the process of spraying less sensitive to the initial dimensions of a spraying particles than in traditional technology.

XIV. The method as define in claim III wherein a plasma deposition of coatings in a regime of superimposing current pulses in a reverse polarity to the arc leads to an increase in an adhesion of the coatings to the substrate up to the detonation level and reduces the gas permeability of the coatings by an order of magnitude.

XV. Plasma cutting speed can be increased by30% with rise of pulse amplitude in the direct polarity to the arc and upper limit of cutting speed is restricted by a cathode failure.