Helium generator

An apparatus for producing helium-3, the apparatus comprising:

• a reactor comprising:
• a confining wall at least partially enclosing a confinement region within which charged particles and neutrals can rotate,
• a plurality of electrodes adjacent or proximate to the confinement region,
• a control system comprising a voltage and/or current source configured to apply an electric potential between at least two of the plurality of electrodes, wherein the applied electric potential generates an electric field within the confinement region that alone, or in conjunction with a magnetic field, induces or maintains rotational movement of the charged particles and the neutrals in the confinement region, and
• a reactant disposed in or adjacent to the confinement region such that, during operation, repeated collisions between the neutrals and the reactant produce an interaction with the reactant that gives off energy and produces a product having a nuclear mass that is different from a nuclear mass of any of the nuclei of the neutrals and the reactant, wherein the product includes helium-3.