Identification of low-efficacy patient population

A computer-implemented method of evaluating a plurality of protocols associated with a medical context, the method comprising:

• accessing, with a computer system, a database including medical information for a plurality of patients associated with medical context items corresponding to the medical context,
• wherein, for each of the plurality of patients, the medical information includes an indication that one of the plurality of patient protocols is associated with the patient;
• evaluating, with the computer system, each of the plurality of patient protocols based on medical information associated with patients within a patient population, to estimate an efficacy of each of the plurality of patient protocols for the patient population, wherein the patient population represents a subset of the plurality of patients;
• identifying, with the computer system, the patient population represents a low-efficacy patient population based on the efficacy estimates for the patient population;
• and
• storing, within the database, an indication that the patient population represents the low-efficacy patient population.