Dual fuel combustion intensity

A controller for controlling operation of a dual-fuel internal combustion engine of an engine system, the engine system comprising a pressure sensor configured to measure pressure in a cylinder of the engine and generate a corresponding pressure signal and a crank angle sensor configured to measure the crank angle of the engine and generate a corresponding crank angle signal, the controller comprising:

• a processor couplable to the in-pressure sensor and the crank angle sensor;
• and
• at least one non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions operable to cause the processor of the controller to perform operations comprising:
• (a) sample the pressure signal;
• (b) calculate a combustion intensity metric based on the pressure signal, wherein the combustion intensity metric is an indicator of the engine's proximity to an uncontrolled combustion condition;
• (c) determine a substitution rate of a first fuel and a second fuel delivered to the cylinder based on the combustion intensity metric;
• and
• (d) control the dual-fuel internal combustion engine based on the substitution rate.

A controller for controlling operation of an internal combustion engine of an engine system, the engine system comprising a pressure sensor configured to measure pressure in a cylinder of the engine and generate a corresponding pressure signal and a crank angle sensor configured to measure the crank angle of the engine and generate a corresponding crank angle signal, the controller comprising:

• a processor couplable to the in-pressure sensor and the crank angle sensor;
• and
• at least one non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions operable to cause the processor of the controller to perform operations comprising:
• (a) sample the pressure signal;
• (b) calculate a combustion intensity metric based on the pressure signal, wherein the combustion intensity metric is an indicator of the engine's proximity to an uncontrolled combustion condition;
• (c) determine an engine control parameter as a function of the combustion intensity metric;
• and
• (d) control the engine based on the engine control parameter.