Cartridge-in-chamber detection system for firearms comprising at least one first plate, a second plate and a dielectric disposed between the first plate and the second plate, and a sensor circuit connected to a microprocessor where the at least one first plate is displaceable or the dielectric varies, between a first position corresponding to the presence of a cartridge in the chamber and a second position corresponding to the non-presence of a cartridge in the chamber, or vice-versa, and where the microprocessor, through the sensor circuit, detects the capacitive variation between the first plate and the second plate, between the first position corresponding to the presence of a cartridge in the chamber and the second position corresponding to the non-presence of a cartridge in the chamber, or vice-versa, making it possible to determine in this way the presence or non-presence of a cartridge in the chamber.