A process for preparing a sodium ion-free X carbonate or hydrogencarbonate effervescent powder or such granules or such a tablet, wherein the active substances, corresponding at least to calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydrogencarbonate, potassium carbonate and potassium hydrogencarbonate or mixtures thereof, moistened with a small amount of alcohol and water, are mixed as powder with a small amount of lactobionic acid in a partial vacuum in a vacuum tank with continual pumping, by which the calcium salt of the calcium in the surface layer of the powder particles reacts with the lactobionic acid, effervesces, and releases a small amount of CO2, by which the pressure in the vacuum chamber rises, and after the end of the effervescent reaction the pressure in the partial vacuum drops back to the starting value through the continual pumping and in so doing the powder dries, and after removal from the vacuum chamber an acid as an effervescing agent for effervescing is added to said powder, and the latter is subsequently usable as effervescent powder or pressed into tablets.