Display apparatus including self-tuning circuits for controlling light modulators

A display apparatus, comprising:

• a plurality of light modulators capable of selectively allowing passage of light;
• a plurality of pixel circuits, each pixel circuit including:
• an output node coupled to a corresponding light modulator of the plurality of light modulators,
• a charge transistor configured to charge the output node from an actuation interconnect, and
• a discharge transistor configured to selectively conduct a current between the output node and an update interconnect;
• an update interconnect driver configured to output voltages to the update interconnects of the plurality of pixel circuits;
• and
• a controller coupled to the plurality of pixel circuits configured to:
• determine a low update voltage to apply to the update interconnects by:
• causing the charge transistors of the plurality of pixel circuits to enter a conductive state, and
• while the charge transistors of the plurality of pixel circuits are in the conductive state, determining a plurality of voltage levels provided to the update interconnects that cause the discharge transistor of at least one of the plurality of pixel circuits to conduct current.