Catalyst particles, carbon-supported catalyst particles and fuel cell catalysts, and methods of manufacturing such catalyst particles and carbon-supported catalyst particles

A method of manufacturing catalyst particles having an inner particle and an outermost layer that contains platinum and that covers the inner particle, the method comprising:

• preparing a dispersion of particles composed of a second oxide that is free of oxygen defects;
• preparing a dispersion of platinum ions;
• mixing together the dispersion of particles composed of the second oxide and the dispersion of platinum ions, and reducing at least surfaces of the particles composed of the second oxide to a first oxide having oxygen defects, and moreover forming on the first oxide the outermost layer containing platinum formed by reduction of the platinum ions;
• and
• heating the mixture after forming the outermost layer on the first oxide, wherein the dispersion of particles composed of the second oxide is a dispersion of reversed micelles containing particles composed of the second oxide;
• the dispersion of platinum ions is a dispersion of reversed micelles containing platinum ions;
• at least the particles composed of the second oxide are pre-reduced;
• a first reducing agent is additionally mixed into mixture of the dispersion of reversed micelles containing particles composed of the second oxide with the dispersion of reversed micelles containing platinum ions;
• and
• the mixture is heated after adding an alcohol to the mixture following formation of the outermost layer on the first oxide.

A method of manufacturing catalyst particles having an inner particle and an outermost layer that contains platinum and that covers the inner particle, the method comprising;

• preparing a dispersion of particles composed of a second oxide that is free of oxygen defects;
• preparing a dispersion of platinum ions;
• mixing together the dispersion of particles composed of the second oxide and the dispersion of platinum ions, and reducing at least surfaces of the particles composed of the second oxide to a first oxide having oxygen defects, and moreover forming on the first oxide the outermost layer containing platinum formed by reduction of the platinum ions;
• and
• heating mixture after forming the outermost layer on the first oxide,
• wherein the second oxide has a photocatalytic activity, and
• a sacrificial reagent is additionally mixed into the mixture of the dispersion of particles composed of the second oxide with the dispersion of platinum ions, following which the mixture is irradiated with light