Thin-film devices and fabrication

A laminate comprising:

• a large-area transparent substrate;
• and
• a plurality of electrochromic lites laminated to the large-area transparent substrate with a lamination adhesive, wherein each of the electrochromic lites is between about 30 cm and about 300 cm on its largest dimension.

A laminate comprising:

• a large-area transparent substrate comprising flexible annealed glass and having a length of between about 10 m and about 300 m and a width of between about ½ m and about 3 m;
• and
• a plurality of lites laminated to the large area substrate with a lamination adhesive, wherein each lite of the plurality of lites comprises an optical device, wherein the optical device is one of an electrochromic device, a photovoltaic device, a suspended particle device, and a liquid crystal device, and wherein each lite is between about 30 cm and about 300 cm on its largest dimension.