Dynamically-variable graphic material using electrostatically attracted particles

A visual display apparatus comprising:

• a first plurality of electrostatic spheres;
• a plurality of electrodynamic contacts, each electrodynamic contact located adjacent to one electrostatic sphere of said first plurality of electrostatic spheres;
• and
• a nonconductive substrate;
• wherein the first plurality of electrostatic spheres and the plurality of electrodynamic contacts are supported within the nonconductive substrate;
• and
• wherein the nonconductive substrate forms a panel, said panel having a plurality of perforations to define a perforation pattern and a non-perforated area, said perforation pattern and non-perforated area being complementary areas of the panel, and said perforation pattern being substantially transparent;
• wherein said perforation pattern is substantially transparent and is between 25% and 75% of the panel's total area;
• and
• wherein each electrostatic sphere of the plurality of electrostatic spheres is situated within the non-perforated area of the panel such that the nonconductive substrate comprises a plurality of pixels, all said pixels being oriented in one direction.

A visual display apparatus comprising:

• a plurality of electrostatic particles, each electrostatic particle comprising a plurality of sectors, each sector being a unique color for said particle, each said particle having a fixed magnetic polarity relative to said plurality of sectors;
• a plurality of electrodynamic contacts, each electrodynamic contact located adjacent to one of the electrostatic particles, positioned for interaction therewith, and connected to a control switch;
• a nonconductive substrate;
• and
• a programmable control module, operably connected to the electrodynamic contacts,
• wherein the nonconductive substrate forms a panel, said panel having a plurality of perforations to form a perforation pattern and a non-perforated area, said perforation pattern and non-perforated area being complementary areas of the panel, and said perforation pattern being substantially transparent;
• wherein said perforation pattern is substantially transparent and is between 25% and 75% of the panel's total area;
• and
• wherein the plurality of electrostatic particles and the plurality of electrodynamic contacts are situated on one side of the panel, within the non-perforated area of the panel of the nonconductive substrate and supported by the panel.