Gold ion beam drilled nanopores modified with thiolated dna origamis

A nanopore structure, comprising:

• an aperture extending from a first surface to a second surface of a substrate, the aperture having a wall comprising gold ions embedded in the substrate and wherein the gold ions are in a region confined to the walls of the aperture, the wall defining a first diameter;
• a first deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) layer comprising a thiolated DNA strand covalently bonded to the embedded gold ions within the wall of the aperture;
• a second DNA layer hydrogen bonded to the first DNA layer, the second DNA layer defines a substantially cylindrical nanopore that defines a second diameter within the wall of the aperture, the second DNA layer comprising a single-stranded DNA strand;
• and
• a biomolecule binding site on the single-stranded DNA strand, the biomolecule binding site being a chemical functional group that is chemically bonded to the single-stranded DNA strand or a DNA sequence within the single-stranded DNA strand;
• wherein the second diameter is less than the first diameter;
• and
• wherein a thickness of the embedded gold ions within the wall of the aperture is in a range from about 2 to about 40 nm.

A nanopore structure, comprising:

• an aperture extending from a first surface to a second surface of a substrate, the aperture having a wall comprising gold ions embedded in the substrate and wherein the gold ions are in a region confined to the walls of the aperture, the wall defining a first diameter;
• a first deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) layer comprising a plurality of single-stranded thiolated DNA strands, the plurality of single-stranded thiolated DNA strands of the first DNA layer covalently bonded to the embedded gold ions through a thiolate group, and each single-stranded thiolated DNA strand extending and dangling within the wall of the aperture to form an anchor within the aperture;
• a second DNA layer comprising a plurality of single-stranded DNA strands, the plurality of single-stranded DNA strands of the second DNA layer hybridized to the first DNA layer through hydrogen bonds, the second DNA layer defines a substantially cylindrical nanopore that defines a second diameter within the wall of the aperture hydrogen bonded to the first DNA layer, the second DNA layer defines a substantially cylindrical nanopore that defines a second diameter within the wall of the aperture, the second DNA layer comprising a single-stranded DNA strand;
• and
• a biomolecule binding site on the second DNA layer, the biomolecule binding site being a DNA sequence within the single-stranded DNA strand;
• wherein the second diameter is less than the first diameter, and each single-stranded thiolated DNA strand of the first DNA layer has a variable length that depends on the first diameter of the wall of the aperture such that the second diameter of the substantially cylindrical nanopore is substantially fixed;
• and
• wherein a thickness of the embedded gold ions within the wall of the aperture is in a range from about 2 to about 40 nm.