Cathode materials for secondary (rechargeable) lithium batteries
AssigneeHydro-Quebec
InventorsMichel Armand, John B. Goodenough, Akshaya K. Padhi, Kirakodu S. Nanjundaswamy, Christian Masquelier
Life of this patent
Estimating the term…
Abstract
The invention relates to materials for use as electrodes in an alkali-ion secondary (rechargeable) battery, particularly a lithium-ion battery. The invention provides transition-metal compounds having the ordered-olivine or the rhombohedral NASICON structure and the polyanion (PO4)3− as at least one constituent for use as electrode material for alkali-ion rechargeable batteries.
Claims61
A cathode material for a rechargeable electrochemical cell, said cell also comprising an anode and an electrolyte, the cathode material comprising a compound having the formula LiMPO4, where M is at least one first-row transition-metal cation.
A cathode material for a rechargeable electrochemical cell, said cell also comprising an anode and an electrolyte, the cathode material comprising a rhombohedral NASICON material having the formula YxM2(PO4)3, where M is at least one first-row transition-metal cation and 0≦x≦5 and Y is Li or Na.
A cathode material for a rechargeable electrochemical cell, said cell also comprising an anode and an electrolyte, the cathode material comprising a rhombohedral NASICON material having the formula YyM2(PO4)y(XO4)3−y, where 0<y≦3, M is a transition-metal atom, 0≦x≦5, Y is Li or Na, and X=Si, As, or S.
A cathode material for a rechargeable electrochemical cell also comprising an anode and an electrolyte, the cathode comprising a rhombohedral NASICON material having the formula A3−xV2(PO4)3, where A may be Li, Na or a combination thereof and 0≦x≦2.
A cathode material for a rechargeable electrochemical cell, said cell also comprising an anode and an electrolyte, the cathode material comprising a compound having the formula:
- Lix+yM1−(y+d+t+q+r)DdTtQqRr[PO4]1−(p+s+v)[SO4]p[SiO4]s[VO4]v
- where:
- M may be Fe2+ or Mn2+ or mixtures thereof;
- D is a metal in the +2 oxidation state selected from the group consisting of:
- Mg2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Ti2+;
- T is a metal in the +3 oxidation state selected from the group consisting of:
- Al3+, Ti3+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Mn3+, Ga3+, Zn3+, and V3+;
- Q is a metal in the +4 oxidation state selected from the group consisting of:
- Ti4+, Ge4+, Sn4+, and V4+;
- R is a metal in the +5 oxidation state selected from the group consisting of:
- V5+, Nb5+, and Ta5+;
- 0≦x≦1;
- 0≦y, d, t, q, r, p, s, v≦1 wherein at least one of y, d, t, q, r, p, s, and v differ from 0 and
- y+d+t+q+r≦1;
- p+s+v≦1;
- and
- 3+s·p=x−y+t+2q+3r;
- where x is the degree of intercalation during operation of the electrode material, y represents the fraction of lithium ions on the initial Fe2+ sites;
- d represents the fraction of divalent ions (noted as D) on the initial Fe2+ sites;
- t represents the fraction of trivalent ions (noted as T) on the initial Fe2+ sites;
- q represents the fraction of tetravalent ions (noted as Q) on the initial Fe2+ sites;
- r represents the fraction of pentavalent ions (noted as R) on the initial Fe2+ sites;
- p represents the fraction of hexavalent sulfur (as discrete SO42− tetrahedra) on the initial P5+ sites;
- s represents the fraction of tetravalent silicon (as discrete SiO42− tetrahedra) on the initial P5+ sites;
- and v represents the fraction of pentavalent vanadium ions on the initial P5+ sites, and M, D, T, Q and R reside in octahedral sites.
A secondary battery comprising an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte, said cathode comprising an ordered olivine compound having the formula LiMPO4, where M is at least one first-row transition-metal cation.
A secondary battery comprising an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte, said cathode comprising a rhombohedral NASICON material having the formula YxM2(PO4)3, where M is at least one first-row transition-metal cation and 0≦x≦5 and Y is Li or Na, other than Li2+xFeTi(PO4)3.
A secondary battery comprising an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte, said cathode comprising a rhombohedral NASICON material having the formula YyM2(PO4)y(XO4)3−y, where 0<y≦3, M is a transition-metal atom 0≦x≦5, Y is Li or Na, and X=Si, As, or S.
A secondary battery comprising an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte said cathode comprising a rhombohedral NASICON material having the formula A3−xV2(PO4)x, where A may be Li, Na or a combination thereof and 0≦x≦2.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.