Electrochemical Cell with Bipolar Faradaic Membrane

An electrochemical cell comprising:

• a negative electrode comprising a first liquid phase having a first active metal;
• a positive electrode, separated from the negative electrode, comprising a second liquid phase having a second active metal;
• a liquid electrolyte, disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, comprising a salt of the first active metal and a salt of the second active metal;
• and
• a bipolar faradaic membrane, disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, having a first surface facing the negative electrode and a second surface facing the positive electrode, the bipolar faradaic membrane configured to allow cations of the first active metal to pass through and configured to impede cations of the second active metal from transferring from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, the bipolar faradaic membrane at least partially formed from a material having an electronic conductivity sufficient to drive faradaic reactions at the second surface with the cations of the positive electrode.