Personal glucose meters for detection and quantification of enzymes and metabolites based on coenzyme detection

Abstract

A general methodology for highly sensitive and selective sensors and devices that can achieve portable, low-cost and quantitative detection of target enzymes and metabolites using a personal glucose meter (PGM) is disclosed. The method and sensors take advantage of the ability of PGMs to detect enzyme cofactors or coenzymes, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Based on this observation, enzymes and metabolites involved in enzymatic reactions that consume or generate a coenzyme such as NADH or NADPH can be detected using PGMs, for example by measuring increases or decreases in NADH or NADPH levels. Methods of using such sensors and fluidic devices for detecting target enzymes and metabolites, for example to diagnose disease, are also provided.

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