Electro-wetting display apparatus

An electro-wetting display apparatus comprising:

• a first substrate;
• a plurality of first electrodes disposed on the first substrate;
• a hydrophobic surface disposed on the plurality of first electrodes;
• pixel walls disposed on the hydrophobic surface, wherein the pixel walls intersect to partition a plurality of pixels, wherein the plurality of pixels respectively corresponds to the plurality of first electrodes such that each pixel includes a corresponding first electrode, and wherein each corresponding first electrode is spaced from at least one pixel wall to define a region within the pixel that includes the corresponding first electrode;
• a second substrate that faces the first substrate;
• a second electrode disposed on the second substrate;
• and
• a first fluid disposed on a second fluid, wherein the second fluid is disposed on the hydrophobic surface and is substantially immiscible with the first fluid, and wherein the first fluid and the second fluid are disposed in each of the pixels of the plurality of pixels between the first substrate and the second substrate,
• wherein displacement of the second fluid on the hydrophobic surface to the regions in the plurality of pixels, such that the first fluid replaces the second fluid on a portion of the hydrophobic surface, is controlled by voltages that are respectively applied to the plurality of first electrodes and the second electrode.

An electro-wetting display apparatus comprising:

• a first substrate;
• a plurality of first electrodes disposed on the first substrate;
• a hydrophobic surface disposed on the plurality of first electrodes;
• pixel walls disposed on the hydrophobic surface, wherein the pixel walls intersect to partition a plurality of pixels, wherein the plurality of pixels respectively corresponds to the plurality of first electrodes such that each pixel includes a corresponding first electrode, and wherein each corresponding first electrode is spaced from at least one pixel wall to define a region within the pixel that includes the corresponding first electrode;
• a second substrate that faces the first substrate;
• a second electrode on the second substrate, wherein the second electrode substantially aligns with the pixel wall and defines a plurality of openings, and wherein a corresponding portion of the second electrode extends into a corresponding opening such that each opening of the plurality of openings has a shape that is bent at a right angle in a substantially L shape over a corresponding pixel of the plurality of pixels;
• a first fluid disposed on a second fluid, wherein the second fluid is disposed on the hydrophobic surface and is substantially immiscible with the first fluid, and wherein the first fluid and the second fluid are disposed in each of the pixels of the plurality of pixels between the first substrate and the second substrate,
• wherein displacement of the second fluid on the hydrophobic surface to the regions in the plurality of pixels, such that the first fluid replaces the second fluid on a portion of the hydrophobic surface, is controlled by voltages that are respectively applied to the plurality of first electrodes and the second electrode.