Device for protecting a commercial article against theft

A device for identifying a commercial article that is a packaged or unpackaged physical object, said device having:

• means for fixing and locking the device to the physical object or to the packaging thereof in a locked position such that a user cannot separate the device from the physical object without an external tool, said locking means comprising a locking mechanism,
• at least one RFID component that has a unique identifier TID and that is capable of being read both according to a first range of radio frequencies for short-range reading and according to a second range of radio frequencies for long-range reading or
• at least one first RFID component that has a unique identifier TID1 and that is capable of being read according to a first range of radio frequencies for short-range reading and at least one second RFID component that has a unique identifier TID2 and that is capable of being read according to a second range of radio frequencies for long-range reading.