Granular creation and refresh of columnar data

One or more non-transitory storage media storing instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause:

• maintaining a particular data object that contains particular data formatted different from column-major format, wherein the particular data includes first data and second data;
• maintaining a first data object that contains the first data organized in the column-major format;
• maintaining a second data object that contains the second data organized in the column-major format;
• in response to changes being committed to the first data in the particular data object, invalidating one or more rows of the first data object;
• in response to refresh criteria being satisfied relative to the first data object, automatically performing a refresh operation on the first data object independent of any refresh operation on the second data object;
• in response to changes being committed to the second data in the particular data object, invalidating one or more rows of the second data object;
• and
• in response to refresh criteria being satisfied relative to the second data object, automatically performing a refresh operation on the second data object independent of any refresh operation on the first data object.