Energy Storage Devices Including Support Filaments

An energy storage system comprising:

• a first electrode disposed in a first region of electrolyte and including
• a substrate,
• a plurality of electron conductive support filaments attached to the substrate, and
• an ion absorbing material attached to the support filaments and an over-layer coating the ion absorbing material the over-layer including a silicon oxide;
• a separator configured to separate the first region and a second region of electrolyte;
• and
• a second electrode disposed in the second region of electrolyte, the first and second electrodes and separator configured to operate as a rechargeable battery.

An energy storage system comprising:

• a first electrode disposed in a first region of electrolyte and including
• a substrate, a plurality of electron conductive support filaments attached to the substrate, and
• an ion absorbing material attached to the support filaments the ion adsorbing material including a 3d metal oxide;
• a separator configured to separate the first region and a second region of electrolyte;
• and
• a second electrode disposed in the second region of electrolyte, the first and second electrodes and separator configured to operate as a rechargeable battery.

An energy storage system comprising:

• a first electrode disposed in a first region of electrolyte and including
• a substrate, a plurality of electron conductive support filaments attached to the substrate, and
• an ion absorbing material attached to the support filaments and an over-layer coating the ion absorbing material, the over-layer including carbon;
• a separator configured to separate the first region and a second region of electrolyte;
• and
• a second electrode disposed in the second region of electrolyte, the first and second electrodes and separator configured to operate as a rechargeable battery.