Method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting element, organic light-emitting element, display panel, and display device

A method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting element, comprising:

• forming a first layer above a substrate, the first layer having hole injection properties;
• forming a bank material layer above the first layer using a bank material;
• forming banks by patterning the bank material layer, and forming a resin film on a surface of the first layer by attaching a portion of the bank material layer to the first layer, the banks defining apertures corresponding to light-emitters;
• forming a functional layer by applying ink to the apertures, the ink contacting the resin film, the ink containing an organic material, the functional layer including an organic light-emitting layer;
• forming a second layer above the functional layer, the second layer having electron injection properties;
• and
• degrading the hole injection properties of the first layer by applying electrical power to an element structure formed by forming the first layer, forming the bank material layer, forming the banks, forming the functional layer, and forming the second layer.