High efficiency photovoltaic cells with self concentrating effect

A photovoltaic cell comprising:

• a substrate;
• a first electrode, overlying the substrate;
• a first electrical material of p- or n-type, overlying the first electrode;
• a second electrical material of type opposite to that of the first electrical material coating a three-dimensional geometric pattern, thereby providing a p-n junction along the interface between the first electrical material and the second electrical material that conforms to the contour of the three-dimensional geometric pattern;
• and
• a second electrode, overlying the second electrical material,
• wherein the three-dimensional geometric pattern is placed on the top surface of the first electrode or is etched out of the top surface of the substrate, the three-dimensional geometric pattern comprising
• an array of pyramidal, conical, truncated pyramidal, or truncated conical shaped nano-scaled or micrometer-scaled protruding structures separated by gaps,
• wherein each protruding structure has tilted sides, a base, an internal angle alpha between the tilted sides and the base, and a height,
• wherein the gaps separate the bases of the protruding structures,
• wherein the bases of the protruding structures are oriented such that the bases of the protruding structures are coplanar or parallel,
• wherein the internal angle alpha of each protruding structure is between 45 and 90 degrees, thereby concentrating some light incident on the tilted sides of each protruding structure onto the gaps between the protruding structures, and
• wherein the height of each protruding structure, the internal angle alpha of each protruding structure, and the gaps between the protruding structures are oriented to reflect some light incident on the tilted sides of each protruding structure back and forth between the tilted sides of adjacent protruding structures.

A photovoltaic cell comprising:

• an inert substrate;
• a three-dimensional geometric pattern etched out of or on top of the substrate designed to intensify the light that is incident the cell, comprising
• an array of pyramidal, conical, truncated pyramidal, or truncated conical shaped nano-scaled or micrometer-scaled protruding structures separated by gaps,
• wherein each protruding structure has tilted sides, a base, an internal angle alpha between the tilted sides and the base, and a height,
• wherein the gaps separate the bases of the protruding structures,
• wherein the bases of the protruding structures are oriented such that the bases of the protruding structures are coplanar or parallel, and
• wherein the height of each protruding structure, the internal angle alpha of each protruding structure, and the gaps between the protruding structures are rated to reflect some light incident on the tilted sides of each protruding structure back and forth between the tilted sides of adjacent protruding structures;
• a first metallic layer;
• a first electrically conductive layer made of CuCNS;
• a second electrically conductive layer made of Cu3[Co(CN)6];
• an electrolyte solution that covers the second electrically conductive layer;
• and
• an electrode in the electrolyte solution,
• wherein the geometric pattern has either vertically straight side or inclined side having an angle and they are positioned with or without fixed spaces and pitches.