Persistent memory management

An apparatus comprising:

• a hardware controller for a volatile memory associated with a non-volatile storage medium, the hardware controller comprising,
• a barrier completion module configured to determine completion of a barrier operation for a first page of the volatile memory;
• and
• a checkpoint module configured to preserve a snapshot copy of data of the first page in response to the barrier completion module determining completion of the barrier operation.

An apparatus comprising:

• an interface module configured to determine which of a memory interface and a peripheral interface is to be used to flush data from a processor complex;
• a memory flush module configured to issue a memory serializing instruction that flushes the data from the processor complex using the memory interface in response to the interface module determining that the memory interface is to be used to flush the data;
• and
• a peripheral flush module configured to issue a peripheral serializing instruction that flushes the data from the processor complex using the peripheral interface in response to the interface module determining that the peripheral interface is to be used to flush the data.