Method and system of using a data weighted electromagnetic source for time-lapse monitoring of a reservoir production or hydraulic fracturing

A method for time lapse monitoring of a target feature within a rock formation, the method comprising:

• generating an electromagnetic field in vicinity or at a surface of the rock formation using a data weighted electromagnetic source, the data weighted electromagnetic source including a plurality of electromagnetic sources;
• measuring a component of the electromagnetic field generated by the source using an electromagnetic receiver;
• and
• weighting an electromagnetic field contribution from each electromagnetic source so as to enhance the component of the electromagnetic field measured by the electromagnetic receiver.

A method for time lapse monitoring of a target feature within a rock formation, the method comprising:

• generating a starting model for time lapse monitoring from initial data prior to a start of time lapse;
• calculating a response of the starting model using a numerical algorithm;
• creating one or more scenario models that hypothesize how subsurface electromagnetic properties will be changing over time;
• calculating a response of the one or more scenario models using the same numerical algorithm applied in calculating the response of the starting model;
• calculating an optimal set of data weighted electromagnetic source parameters that maximize a difference between the response of the starting model and the response of the one or more scenario models;
• analyzing a real time lapse data set by applying the calculated optimal set of synthetic parameters to the real time lapse data set;
• and
• calculating a difference between the real time lapse data set and the initial data set.