Non-volatile graphene nanomechanical switch

A non-volatile switch, comprising:

• a gate material formed in a recess of a substrate;
• a flexible conductive element disposed above the gate material, separated from the gate material by a gap, where the flexible conductive element is supported on at least two points across the gap, where the flexible conductive element is supported on at least two points across the gap, wherein a voltage above a gate threshold voltage causes a deformation in the flexible conductive element such that the flexible conductive element comes into contact with a drain formed in a recess centered in the substrate, thereby closing a circuit between the drain and a source terminal;
• and
• a top gate that applies a restorative force to the flexible conductive element to open the circuit when a top gate threshold is applied,
• wherein the gap separating the flexible conductive element and the gate material is sized such that a gate voltage of zero will not open the circuit.