A method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting element comprising a reflective electrode, a transparent electrode, and a light-emitting layer placed between the reflective electrode and the transparent electrode,
- wherein the light-emitting layer contains a host and a first dopant,
- for the first dopant, a vertical component of an average value for transition dipole moments with respect to a substrate surface is larger than a horizontal component thereof,
- the light-emitting layer is prepared by coating, and
- a concave-convex structure is formed on a side of the reflective electrode closer to the light-emitting layer.