Photoelectric conversion element and manufacturing method thereof

A photoelectric conversion element comprising:

• a photoelectric conversion layer;
• an electron extraction electrode provided on one major surface side of the photoelectric conversion layer;
• a hole extraction electrode provided on the other major surface side of the photoelectric conversion layer;
• and
• an electron transport layer provided between the photoelectric conversion layer and the electron extraction electrode, wherein
• the electron transport layer contains a substance represented by the following chemical formula and a reactant thereof:
• M(X)a (1)
• wherein M is selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, group 2B and 3B metals, and transition metals;
• X is selected from a halogen, a carboxylate group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, and an acetonate group represented by the following formula;
• and a is a positive integer determined in accordance with the valence of M:
• wherein R1 and R2 are selected from hydrogen, a C1-20 linear or branched alkyl group, and a C1-20 linear or branched alkoxy group, and R1 and R2 may or may not be the same as each other.