Electrowetting optical element

Electrowetting optical element comprising

• a first electrode layer stack and a second electrode layer stack, and
• a containment space formed between said first electrode layer stack and said second electrode layer stack,
• one or more pixel walls extending between said first and second electrode stacks for defining sides of said containment space,
• said containment space at least containing a polar liquid and a non-polar liquid, the polar and non-polar liquids being immiscible with each other,
• said first electrode layer stack comprising
• a substrate,
• a first electrode layer and
• an insulating layer having a first interface surface with said containment space, and
• said second electrode layer stack comprising a superstrate and a second electrode layer having a second interface surface with said containment space,
• said hydrophobic interface surface having a higher hydrophobicity then said second interface surface, and
• said electrowetting element being arranged for enabling powering of said first and second electrode layers for rearranging said polar liquid relative to said non-polar liquid,
• said pixel walls being fixedly mounted on said second interface surface of said second electrode layer stack and extending towards said first electrode layer,
• wherein an end face of said one or more pixel walls opposite said first electrode layer stack faces said hydrophobic interface surface in a loose manner.