Aminohydroxylation of alkenes

A compound of formula (IV)

• wherein:
• R4 is benzyl or 9-fluorenylmethyl group;
• and
• R9 is a lower alkyl group.

A compound of formula (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI), (XII), (XIII) or (XIV):

• wherein:
• R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted aralkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group;
• R7 is hydrogen, an optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, alkylcarbonyl, aralkylcarbonyl or arylcarbonyl group, or an oxygen protecting group selected from the group consisting of a tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl and triethylsilyl group;
• R8 is hydrogen, an optionally substituted arylsulfonyl group, or a nitrogen protecting group selected from the group consisting of a benzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, (R)-α-methylbenzyl, (S)-α-methylbenzyl, (R)-4-methoxy-α-methylbenzyl, (S)-4-methoxy-α-methylbenzyl, benzhydryl, 9-(9-phenylfluorenyl), 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoroacetyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl and 2.2.2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl group;
• or R7 and R8 together form an optionally substituted (R)-, (S)- or (RS)-benzylidene acetal group.