EPR Methods and Systems

A system for detecting electron spins using electron paramagnetic resonance, the system comprising:

• an excitation signal generator configured to generate a saw-tooth continuous excitation signal;
• a crossed-loop resonator configured to isolate a detection signal produced by the excitation signal exciting an object in a magnetic field;
• and
• a detection device configured to detect electron spins of the object using the detection signal isolated by the crossed-loop resonator.

A system for detecting electron spins using electron paramagnetic resonance, the system comprising:

• an excitation signal generator configured to generate either or both fast frequency scan excitation signals and monotonic excitation signals;
• a crossed-loop resonator configured to isolate a detection signal produced by the excitation signal exciting an object in a magnetic field;
• and
• a detection device configured to detect electron spins of the object using the detection signal isolated by the crossed-loop resonator.

A system for detecting electron spins using electron paramagnetic resonance, the system comprising:

• a digital arbitrary wave form generator configured to generate continuous excitation signals that are not pulsed;
• a crossed-loop resonator configured to isolate a detection signal induced by the excitation signal exciting an object in a magnetic field;
• and
• a detection device configured to detect electron spins of the object using the detection signal isolated by the crossed-loop resonator, wherein the detection device includes a high speed digitizer and a processor.

A method for detecting electron spins using electron paramagnetic resonance, the method comprising:

• generating a continuous excitation signal selected from the list consisting of:
• a polyphase continuous signal, a saw-tooth continuous excitation signal, a fast frequency scan excitation signal, and a monotonic excitation signals;
• applying the continuous excitation signal to an object located within a crossed-loop resonator;
• isolating, using an isolation device, a detected signal received from the object when excited by the continuous signal;
• and
• determining a finite impulse decay of the object from the detected signal.