Polymer made from maleic acid, allyl ether, and vinyl acetate and the preparation and use of said polymer

A polymer P comprising:

• e. m mol % of at least one structural unit A of the formula (I);
• f. n mol % of at least one structural unit B of the formula (II);
• g. o mol % of at least one structural unit C of the formula (III);
• and optionally
• h. p mol % of at least one further structural unit D;
• where R1 and R2 in this respect independently of one another each stand for COO−M or COOR4,
• R3 stands for H or CH3,
• R4 stands for
• R5 stands for an alkylene group having 1 to 6 C atoms,
• R6 stands for H, an alkyl group, preferably having 1 to 20 C atoms, an alkylaryl group, preferably having 7 to 20 C atoms;
• wherein substituent A independently of one another stands for a C2 to C4 alkylene group, the subscript q represents a value of 2 to 300, and the subscript r represents a value of 0 to 1;
• wherein M=cation, preferably H+, an alkali metal ion, alkaline earth metal ion, a bivalent or trivalent metal ion, NH4+, or an organic ammonium, particularly preferably H+, Na+, Ca++/2, Mg++/2, NH4+, or an organic ammonium;
• wherein m, n, o, p independently of one another are numbers, whereby the sum m+n+o+p=100, and m>0, n>0, o>0 and p>0;
• and
• wherein
• m=20-85
• n=10-50
• o=5-50
• p=0-20.