Compounds and compositions for mitigating tissue damage and lethality

A compound comprising the structure of Formula I or Formula II for mitigating tissue damage or lethality induced by an agent that causes DNA damage or cell damage in a mammal:

• wherein:
• in Formula I, each R1, R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen, straight chain or branched C1-C20 alkyl, alkenyl, or alkenyl, which is substituted or unsubstituted, cyclo alkyl, cyclo alkenyl, heterocyclic alkyl, or heterocyclic alkenyl, which is substituted or unsubstituted, phenyl, substituted phenyl, aryl, substituted aryl, amino, amido, F, Cl, Br, I, nitro, hydroxyl, thiol, alkylthio, selenol, alkylselenyl, silyl, siloxy, boryl, carboxylic acid, sulfonyl, —SO4H, alkoxy, or acyl groups;
• and
• in Formula II, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently hydrogen, straight chain or branched C1-C20 alkyl, alkenyl, or alkenyl, which is substituted or unsubstituted, cyclo alkyl, cyclo alkenyl, heterocyclic alkyl, or heterocyclic alkenyl, which is substituted or unsubstituted, phenyl, substituted phenyl, aryl, substituted aryl, amino, amido, F, Cl, Br, I, nitro, hydroxyl, thiol, alkylthio, selenol, alkylselenyl, silyl, siloxy, boryl, carboxylic acid, sulfonyl, —SO4H, alkoxy, or acyl groups
• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a hydrate, a solvate, a polymorphic crystal or a prodrug thereof.