Polymer templated nanowire catalysts
AssigneeSiluria Technologies, Inc.
InventorsGreg Nyce, Erik C. Scher, Fabio R. Zurcher, Joel M. Cizeron, Wayne P. Schammel, Joel Gamoras, Anja Rumplecker, Jarod McCormick, Marian Alcid
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Abstract
Nanowires useful as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The nanowire catalysts are prepared by polymer templated methods and are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to ethane and/or ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.
Claims36
A method for preparing a nanowire comprising a metal oxide, a metal oxy-hydroxide, a metal oxycarbonate or a metal carbonate, the method comprising:
- a) providing a solution comprising a plurality of polymer templates;
- (b) introducing at least one metal ion and at least one anion to the solution under conditions and for a time sufficient to allow for nucleation and growth of a nanowire comprising a plurality of metal salts (MmXnZp) on the template;
- and
- (c) optionally converting the nanowire (MmXnZp) to a metal oxide nanowire comprising a plurality of metal oxides (MxOy), metal oxy-hydroxides (MxOyOHz), metal oxycarbonates (MxOy(CO3)z), metal carbonate (Mx(CO3)y) or combinations thereof
- wherein:
- M is, at each occurrence, independently a metal element from any of Groups 1 through 7, lanthanides or actinides;
- X is, at each occurrence, independently hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, hydrogenphosphate, dihydrogenphosphate, sulfate, nitrate or oxalate;
- Z is O;
- n, m, x and y are each independently a number from 1 to 100;
- and
- p is a number from 0 to 100.
A method for preparing a nanowire comprising a metal oxide, a metal oxy-hydroxide, a metal oxycarbonate or a metal carbonate, the method comprises:
- a) providing a solution comprising a plurality of a multifunctional coordinating ligands;
- (b) introducing at least one metal ion to the solution, thereby forming a metal ion-ligand complex;
- and
- (c) introducing a polyalcohol to the solution, wherein the polyalcohol polymerizes with the metal-ion ligand complex to form a polymerized metal ion-ligand complex.
A method for preparing metal oxide, metal oxy-hydroxide, metal oxycarbonate or metal carbonate catalytic nanowires in a core/shell structure, the method comprising:
- (a) providing a solution that includes a plurality of polymer templates;
- (b) introducing a first metal ion and a first anion to the solution under conditions and for a time sufficient to allow for nucleation and growth of a first nanowire (M1m1X1n1Zp1) on the template;
- and
- (c) introducing a second metal ion and optionally a second anion to the solution under conditions and for a time sufficient to allow for nucleation and growth of a second nanowire (M2m2X2n2Zp2) on the first nanowire (M1m1X1n1Zp1);
- (d) converting the first nanowire (M1m1X1n1Zp1) and the second nanowire (M2m2X2n2Zp2) to the respective metal oxide nanowires (M1x1Oy1) and (M2x2Oy2), the respective metal oxy-hydroxide nanowires (M1x1Oy1OHz1) and (M2x2Oy2OHz2) the respective metal oxycarbonate nanowires (M1x1Oy1(CO3)z1) and (M2x2Oy2(CO3)z2) or the respective metal carbonate nanowires (M1x1(CO3)y1) and (M2x2(CO3)y2),
- wherein:
- M1 and M2 are the same or different and independently selected from a metal element;
- X1 and X2 are the same or different and independently hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, hydrogenphosphate, dihydrogenphosphate, sulfate, nitrate or oxalate;
- Z is O;
- n1, m1n2, m2, x1, y1, z1, x2, y2 and z2 are each independently a number from 1 to 100;
- and
- p1 and p2 are independently a number from 0 to 100.
A method for preparing a catalytic nanowire, the method comprising:
- admixing (A) with a mixture comprising (B) and (C);
- admixing (B) with a mixture comprising (A) and (C);
- or
- admixing (C) with a mixture comprising (A) and (B)
- to obtain a mixture comprising (A), (B) and (C), wherein (A), (B), and (C) comprise, respectively:
- (A) a polymer template;
- (B) one or more salts comprising one or more elements selected from Groups 1 through 7, lanthanides and actinides and hydrates thereof;
- and
- (C) one or more anion precursors.
A method for preparing metal oxide nanowires, the method comprising:
- (a) providing a solution comprising a plurality of polymer templates;
- and
- (b) introducing a compound comprising a metal to the solution under conditions and for a time sufficient to allow for nucleation and growth of a nanowire (MmYn) on the template;
- wherein:
- M is a metal element from any of Groups 1 through 7, lanthanides or actinides;
- Y is O,
- n and m are each independently a number from 1 to 100.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.