High efficiency magnetic core electrical machines

A mono coil electrical machine, comprising:

• a magnetic pole structure comprising two sets of radially extending pole arms circumferentially arranged around opposite ends of a cylindrical soft magnetic member with a space between said two sets of radially extending pole arms;
• a single coil supporting structure extending around said cylindrical soft magnetic member in said space between said two sets of radially extending pole arms, and at least one coil wound around said coil supporting structure;
• and
• two cylindrical housing halves, each supporting a set of permanent magnets of opposite polarities interleaved on an inner surface, said magnets extending around said magnetic pole structure such that individual poles pass each of said magnets when said magnetic pole structure or said two cylindrical housing halves rotate,
• wherein a number of said pole arms extending from a respective end of said magnetic pole structure is one half a number of said permanent magnets on a respective said housing half such that said pole arms on one end of said magnetic pole structure all simultaneously face permanent magnets of a same polarity and at the same time said pole arms on a second end of said magnetic pole structure all simultaneously face permanent magnets of a polarity opposite to said same polarity to cause magnetic flux to flow through said coil in a first direction, and
• wherein as said magnetic pole structure and said housing halves relatively rotate, permanent magnets on each housing half alternately pass corresponding said poles to cause magnetic flux flowing through said coil to repeatedly reverse polarity and generate an alternating current in said coil.

A spherical mono coil electrical machine, comprising:

• a spherical magnetic pole structure comprising two sets of arc-shaped pole sections, each arc-shaped pole section forming a curved-triangular section of a sphere-shape having vertices that terminate in a hub at a respective axial end of said pole structure and a base midway between said axial ends of the sphere-shape, said slices further inner sides that extend along an axis of the sphere-shape, with slices of the first set forming a first hemisphere, slices of the second set forming a second hemisphere, and slides of the first and second hemispheres being connected by a cylindrical soft magnetic member around which is an annular space;
• a single coil supporting structure extending around said cylindrical soft magnetic member in said space between said two sets of arc-shaped pole sections, with at least one coil wound around said coil supporting structure;
• and
• two hemispherical housing halves, each supporting a set of permanent magnets of opposite polarities interleaved on an inner surface, said magnets extending around said magnetic pole structure such that individual poles pass each of said magnets when said magnetic pole structure or said two cylindrical housing halves rotate,
• wherein a number of said arc-shaped pole sections on a respective hemisphere of said pole structure is one half a number of said permanent magnets on a respective first said hemispherical housing half such that said arc-shaped pole sections on said respective hemisphere all simultaneously face permanent magnets of a same polarity and at the same time said arc-shaped pole sections on a second said hemisphere of said magnetic pole structure all simultaneously face permanent magnets of a polarity opposite to said same polarity to cause magnetic flux to flow through said connecting member in a first direction, and
• wherein as said spherical magnetic pole structure and said hemispherical housing halves relatively rotate, permanent magnets on each hemispherical housing half alternately pass corresponding said arc-shaped pole sections to cause magnetic flux flowing through said connecting member, and therefore through said coil, to repeatedly reverse polarity and generate an alternating current in said coil.

A mono coil electrical machine, comprising:

• a central disc having a plurality of flux reversal structures mounted on a periphery of said disc;
• an annular permanent magnet sub-assembly comprising a plurality of soft magnetic structures to which are affixed axially aligned pairs of permanent magnets, such that adjacent ones of said permanent magnets alternate in polarity both axially and around a circumference of said permanent magnet sub-assembly;
• and
• at least one coil positioned to intercept magnetic fields generated by said permanent magnets,
• wherein a number of said flux reversal structures is one half a number of said axially aligned pairs of permanent magnets, and
• wherein as said central disc and annular permanent magnet sub-assembly relatively rotate, top and bottom ends of said flux reversal structures face different axially aligned pairs of said permanent magnets, causing magnet flux flowing between said top and bottom ends to reverse, thereby causing changes in magnetic fields that intercept said coil to induce a current.

A linear electrical machine, comprising:

• an armature including at least one flux reversal structures;
• rows of permanent magnets of opposite polarity, said flux reversal structure extending between said rows of permanent magnets;
• and
• at least one coil positioned to sense changes in a magnetic field resulting from said flux reversals,
• wherein one side of said flux reversal structure faces a permanent of first polarity and an opposite side of said flux reversal structure faces a permanent magnet of opposite polarity, and
• wherein as said flux reversal structure moves relative to said rows of permanent magnets, said ends of said flux reversal structure face permanent magnets of alternating polarity to cause repeated reversal of magnetic flux in said flux reversal structure, thereby inducing an alternating current in said coil.

A mono coil electrical machine, comprising:

• a permanent magnet subassembly including a plurality of permanent magnets of opposite polarity;
• and
• at least one flux reversal structure that includes a cylindrical section, flanges extending in opposite directions from each end of the cylindrical section, and a coil wrapped around said cylindrical section,
• wherein respective said flanges face permanent magnets of opposite polarity, and
• wherein as said permanent magnet sub-assembly moves relative to said flux reversal structure, polarities of said permanent magnets that face said flanges alternates to cause flux reversals in said cylindrical section and induce an alternating current in said at least one coil.

An electrical machine, comprising:

• a first set of permanent magnets mounted on a cylindrical housing structure;
• a second set of permanent magnets mounted on a soft magnetic magnet holder, said cylindrical housing structure and said magnet holder being relatively movable;
• and
• at least one coil positioned to detect changes in a magnetic field that results from relative movement of said first and second sets of permanent magnets,
• wherein said soft magnetic magnet holder surrounds a shaft and includes radially extending spokes for supporting the magnets.

An electrical machine, comprising:

• a rotor comprising a pair of annular axially spaced discs on which are mounted permanent magnets of opposite polarity;
• a plurality of linear flux reversal members extending in parallel with an axis of said rotor such that ends of said flux reversal members face respective permanent magnets of opposite polarity on said axially spaced discs;
• and
• at least one pick-up coil,
• wherein said ends of said flux reversal members face magnets of alternating polarity as said rotor and cylindrical housing rotate relative to each other, thereby causing flux reversals that induce currents in said pick-up coil.

An electrical machine, comprising:

• a stator including an outer housing member and a plurality of pole structures, each pole structure joined to the outer housing member by an interface that forms a self-aligning connection, and each pole structure including abase and at least one arm connected to the base and extending parallel to an axis of the electrical machine, said at least one arm including a pole face arranged to face permanent magnets of opposite polarity;
• a disc-shaped rotor having said permanent magnets of opposite polarity mounted around a periphery of the rotor;
• and
• at least one coil extending through an opening between the base and the at least one arm of each of the pole structures.

An electrical machine with skewed-stator anti-cogging features, comprising:

• a rotor having an axis of rotation and a plurality of permanent magnets arranged around a periphery of the rotor;
• and
• a stator having a plurality of pole structures, said pole structures facing said magnets and having principal axes,
• wherein said principal axes of said pole structures are skewed with respect to said axis of rotation of the rotor.