Lubricant for wear testing of joint replacements and associated materials

An artificial synovial fluid composition comprising:

• a) a mammalian serum selected from the group consisting of alpha calf serum (ACS) and iron-supplemented alpha calf serum (ACS-I) having:
• i) a total protein concentration of from about 10 to about 45 g/L;
• ii) an albumin fraction of from about 55% to about 80% w/w %;
• iii) an α-1 globulin fraction of from about 3% to about 6% w/w %;
• iv) an α-2 globulin fraction of from about 5% to about 10% w/w %;
• v) a β-globulin fraction of from about 3% to about 20% w/w %;
• vi) a γ-globulin fraction of from about 5% to about 20% w/w %;
• vii) a calcium (Ca) concentration of from about 0.1 mmol/L to about 3 mmol/L;
• viii) a magnesium (Mg) concentration of from about 0.05 mmol/L to about 0.8 mmol/L;
• ix) an inorganic phosphate (P) concentration of from about 0.1 mmol/L to about 1.5 mmol/L;
• x) an iron (Fe) concentration of from about 0.001 mmol/L to about 0.1 mmol/L;
• xi) a peptide concentration at a 2,000 Da molecular weight cut-off of from about 0.005 g/L to about 10 g/L;
• xii) a maximal transition midpoint temperature, Tm-cp-ma, of from about 330K to about 350K at a concentration molality of from about 0.005 to about 0.15 mmol/L measured at a concentration molality of from about 0.005 mmol/l to about 0.15 mmol/l and a scan rate from about 20K/hour to 100K/hour;
• xiii) a total enthalpy change, ΔH, of from about 650 kJ mol−1 to about 1200 kJ mol−1 at a concentration molality of from about 0.005 mmol/l to about 0.15 mmol/l and a scan rate from about 20K/hour to 100K/hour;
• xiv) a total entropy change, ΔS, of from about 1.5 kJ mol−1 K−1 to about 4 kJ mol−1 K−1 at a concentration molality of from about 0.005 mmol/l to about 0.15 mmol/l and a scan rate from about 20K/hour to 100K/hour;
• wherein the ratio of albumin to total globulin (α-1 globulin+α-2 globulin+β-globulin+γ-globulin fractions) in solution is from about 1.5 to about 3;
• and
• b) a buffer for maintaining a solution osmolality of from about 200 mmol/kg to about 400 mmol/kg;
• c) hyaluronic acid (HA) at a concentration of from about 0.1 g/L to about 6 g/L;
• and
• d) hyaluronic acid (HA) with a molecular weight of from 1 MDa to 4 MDa;
• and
• e) a pH level of about 7 to about 8;
• wherein the artificial synovial fluid composition mimics the tribological properties of human, osteoarthritic synovial fluid.