Epr using frank sequence

A method of detecting electron spins using electron paramagnetic resonance, the method comprising:

• creating a continuous wave excitation signal having a varying phase as compared to a reference signal;
• applying the continuous wave excitation signal to an object;
• isolating a detection signal created by the continuous wave excitation signal exciting the object with a magnetic field;
• and
• detecting electron spins of the object using the detection signal.

A system for detecting electron spins in an object, the system comprising:

• means for generating an excitation signal of varying amplitude and phase as compared to a reference signal;
• means for isolating a detection signal produced when the excitation signal creates a magnetic field that excites electron spins of the object;
• and
• means for detecting the detection signal.

A system for detecting electron spins using electron paramagnetic resonance, the system comprising:

• an excitation signal generator configured to generate an excitation signal of varying amplitude and phase as compared to a reference signal, wherein the excitation signal has a power level of less than 100 Watts;
• a resonator configured to isolate a detection signal produced by the excitation signal exciting an object with a magnetic field;
• and
• a detection device configured to detect electron spins of the object using the detection signal isolated by the crossed loop resonator.