A transparent, on demand, 24×7 real-time computer iterative reverse-auction system for use by a plurality of underwriters of or dealers in debt-based derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps, issued by a plurality of reference entities and that eliminate the opaqueness and lack of adequate risk management of current systems, having, in combination, a computer apparatus providing end-to-end reverse auction services over a communication system amongst a plurality of automated engines (SAEJ) engaged in soliciting and receiving from the SAEJ engines their automatic real-time bidding price quotations for such instruments and without manual intervention;
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- inputs to some of the SAEJ engines engaged in the reverse auction of selected aspects of financial risk control and other parameters of the auction participants, including information that enables the engines to compute in real time a price for the debt-based derivative or other instrument containing a default risk evaluation of each of the auction participants and of any primary or secondary insurance companies protecting default of the instruments;
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- wherein means is provided for quantifying credit scores, debt to income ratios, or price value of the instrument in analog quantification as distinguished from digital quantification thereby eliminating any impact of digital discontinuity and avoiding any rating creep-up caused by such discontinuity.