Internal injection betatron

A method to generate x-rays, comprising the steps of:

• providing a betatron magnet that includes a first guide magnet having a first pole face and a second guide magnet having a second pole face and both the first guide magnet and the second guide magnet having a centrally disposed aperture, wherein the first pole face is separated from the second pole face by a guide magnet gap and a core disposed within the centrally disposed apertures, in an abutting relationship with both the first guide magnet and the second guide magnet, the core having at least one core gap;
• circumscribing the guide magnet gap with an electron passageway;
• a drive coil wound around the first pole face and the second pole face
• forming a first magnetic flux of a first polarity to an opposing second polarity and that passes through central portions of the betatron magnet and the core as well as through the electron passageway and then returns through peripheral portions of the betatron magnet;
• injecting electrons into an betatron orbit within the electron passageway when the first magnetic flux is at approximately a minimum strength at the first polarity, such that the electrons are injected with at least one electron injector positioned approximate along an inside of a radius of the betatron orbit;
• forming a second magnetic flux at the opposing second polarity that passes through the electron passageway and the first polarity through a perimeter of the core and returns through the electron passageway in the opposing second polarity for a first time effective to expand the injected electron orbits to an optimal betatron orbit, wherein after the first time the perimeter of the core magnetically saturates and the second magnetic flux passes through an interior portion of the core and in combination with the first magnetic flux, accelerates the electrons whereby enforcing a flux forcing condition;
• and
• applying the second magnetic flux when the first magnetic flux approached a maximum strength thereby expanding the electron orbit causing the electrons to impact a target causing an emission of x-rays.

A betatron magnet having at least one electron injector positioned approximate an inside of a radius of a betatron orbit along with using at least one separated target placed approximate an outer edge of the betatron magnet, the betatron magnet comprising:

• a first guide magnet having a first pole face and a second guide magnet having a second pole face and both the first guide magnet and the second guide magnet having a centrally disposed aperture, wherein the first pole face is separated from the second pole face by a guide magnet gap;
• a core disposed within the centrally disposed apertures, in an abutting relationship with both the first guide magnet and the second guide magnet, the core having at least one core gap;
• a drive coil wound around the first pole face and the second pole face;
• an orbit control coil having a core portion wound around the at least one core gap and a field portion wound around both the first pole face and the second pole face, the core portion and the field portion are connected in series but in opposite polarity;
• wherein the first magnetic fluxes in the core and the first and the second guide magnets return through one or more peripheral portions of the betatron magnet;
• a circuit effective to provide voltage pulses to the drive coil and to the orbit control coil;
• and
• an electron acceleration passageway located within the guide magnet gap, such that electrons are injected with the at least one electron injector positioned approximate the inside of the radius of the betatron orbit along with using the at least one separated target placed approximate the outer edge of the betatron magnet.

A method of driving at least one electron injector for an internal injection scheme of a betatron magnet, the method comprising:

• injecting electrons into an betatron orbit with the at least one electron injector positioned within an electron acceleration passageway, wherein the at least one electron injector positioned approximate an inside of a radius of an betatron orbit;
• and
• driving the at least one electron injector with a positive high voltage pulse to an anode, such that a circuit feeds the positive high voltage pulse to the anode through an outside wall of an evacuated chamber containing the electron acceleration passageway and through a resistive coating on an interior surface of the evacuated chamber,
• applying the positive high voltage pulse to the anode so as to extract electrons from a cathode, whereby after electrons leave the at least one electron injector, the electrons enter a free space of equal-potential contained within at least a portion of surfaces of the resistive coating of the evacuated chamber, such that at least one electric lead enters through an inside wall of the evacuated chamber and is in connection to the cathode, which is at ground potential.