Chiral Metamaterials

A method of determining a parameter of a metamaterial, comprising the steps of:

• a) modeling a metamaterial, the model including an array of discrete resonators, wherein at least one of the discrete resonators each has a shape that is independently selected from the group consisting of:
• an F-type shape;
• an E-type shape;
• and a y-type shape;
• b) applying to the metamaterial model electromagnetic radiation having at least one wavelength that is larger than the largest dimension of at least one resonator of the metamaterial model;
• and
• c) varying at least one member of the group consisting of:
• at least one characteristic of the metamaterial model;
• and at least one wavelength of the applied electromagnetic radiation, the wavelength being larger than the largest dimension of at least one resonator of the metamaterial model, to thereby modulate electromagnetic interaction of the metamaterial model with the applied electromagnetic radiation, thereby determining a parameter of the metamaterial.

A method of preparing a metamaterial that includes an array of discrete resonators, comprising the steps of:

• a) modeling a metamaterial, the model including an array of discrete resonators, wherein at least one of the discrete resonators each has a shape that is independently selected from the group consisting of:
• an F-type shape;
• an E-type shape;
• and a y-type shape;
• b) applying to the metamaterial model electromagnetic radiation having at least one wavelength that is larger than the largest dimension of at least one resonator of the metamaterial model;
• and
• c) varying at least one member of the group consisting of:
• at least one characteristic of the metamaterial model;
• and at least one wavelength of the applied electromagnetic radiation, the wavelength being larger than the largest dimension of at least one resonator of the metamaterial model, to thereby modulate electromagnetic interaction of the metamaterial model with the applied electromagnetic radiation, thereby determining a parameter of the metamaterial;
• and
• d) forming a metamaterial having substantially the same parameter as the determined parameter.

A method of forming a metamaterial, comprising the steps of:

• a) preparing a dielectric substrate;
• and
• b) forming an array of discrete resonators at the dielectric substrate, wherein each of the discrete resonators has a shape that is independently selected from the group consisting of:
• an F-type shape;
• an E-type shape;
• and a y-type shape.

A method of determining a number of discrete resonators of a chiral metamaterial that are arrayed in a direction perpendicular to a propagation axis of electromagnetic radiation, comprising:

• a) numerically modeling a chiral metamaterial, the model including an array of discrete resonators;
• b) applying to the chiral metamaterial model a simulated plane-polarized electromagnetic radiation in a visible, ultraviolet or near-infrared region and having at least one wavelength that is larger than the largest dimension of at least one resonator of the chiral metamaterial model;
• and
• c) varying the number of the discrete resonators of the chiral metamaterial model that are arrayed in a direction perpendicular to a propagation axis of the applied electromagnetic radiation, to thereby obtain substantially the same electromagnetic interaction as electromagnetic interaction of the chiral metamaterial model having an effectively infinite number of the resonators arrayed in the perpendicular direction, thereby determining said number of discrete resonators of the chiral metamaterial.

A method of determining a parameter of a chiral metamaterial, comprising the steps of:

• a) numerically modeling a chiral metamaterial, the model including an array of discrete resonators;
• b) applying to the chiral metamaterial model a simulated plane-polarized electromagnetic radiation in a visible, ultraviolet or near-infrared region and having at least one wavelength that is larger than the largest dimension of at least one resonator of the chiral metamaterial model;
• and
• c) varying at least one member of the group consisting of:
• at least one characteristic of the chiral metamaterial model;
• and at least one wavelength of the applied plane-polarized electromagnetic radiation, the wavelength being larger than the largest dimension of at least one periodically-arrayed resonator of the chiral metamaterial model, thereby causing the chiral metamaterial model to have simultaneously effective negative electric permittivity and effective negative magnetic permeability in substantially the same frequency region, thereby determining a parameter of the chiral metamaterial.