Molecular and photonic nanostructures, optical biomaterials, photo-sensitizers, molecular contrast agents and metamaterials

A method for amplifying, modulating and/or enhancing electromagnetic and light wave signal characteristics comprising the steps of:

• providing at least one optically active macromolecule, high index of refraction molecule, or polar macromolecule designed to amplify, modulate and/or enhance the electromagnetic and light wave signal characteristics through linear and non-linear mechanisms;
• providing at least one electromagnetic and/or light source;
• and
• generating unique signal characteristics through the interaction of the at least one optically active macromolecule, high index of refraction molecule, or polar macromolecule and the at least one electromagnetic and/or light source.

A method for enhancing one or more physical, optical and/or signal characteristics of the fluorescence, bioluminescence, chemoluminescence, and/or any other spontaneous, or induced, photoemission mechanisms via the use of at least one macromolecule comprising the steps of:

• providing at least one macromolecule wherein the at least one macromolecule is designed to enhance one or more physical, optical and/or signal characteristics of the fluorescence, bioluminescence, chemoluminescence, and/or any other spontaneous, or induced, photoemission mechanisms;
• providing at least one source of fluorescence, bioluminescence, chemoluminescence, and/or any other spontaneous, or induced, photoemission;
• and
• achieving an enhancement of one or more physical, optical and/or signal characteristics of the fluorescence, bioluminescence, chemoluminescence, and/or any other spontaneous, or induced, photoemission mechanisms due to the use of the at least one macromolecule.

A method for optically shaping, focusing, guiding, providing local refractive index tenability, and/or amplifying light comprising the steps of:

• providing at least one macromolecule wherein the at least one macromolecule is designed to optically shape, focus, guide, provide local refractive index tenability, and/or amplify light;
• providing at least one light source;
• and
• using the interaction of the at least one macromolecule and the at least one light source to achieve a change in the index of refraction contrast and/or the local refractive index tunability of the least one light source.