Organic photovoltaic devices comprising fullerenes and derivatives thereof
AssigneesPlextronics, Inc., Nano-C, Inc.
InventorsDarin W. Laird, Reza Stegamat, Malika Daadi, Henning Richter, Viktor Vejins, Larry Scott, Thomas A. Lada
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Abstract
Photovoltaic cells comprising an active layer comprising, as p-type material, conjugated polymers such as polythiophene and regioregular polythiophene, and as n-type material at least one fullerene derivative. The fullerene derivative can be C60, C70, or C84. The fullerene also can be functionalized with indene groups. Improved efficiency can be achieved.
Claims75
A composition comprising a mixture comprising:
- (i) at least one p-type material, (ii) at least one n-type material, wherein the n-type material comprises a fullerene derivative represented by:
- F*−(R)
- and solvates, salts, and mixtures thereof,
- wherein n is at least one,
- F* comprises a fullerene having a surface which comprises six-membered and five-membered rings;
- and
- R comprises at least one optionally substituted, unsaturated or saturated, carbocyclic or heterocyclic first ring, wherein the first ring directly bonds to the fullerene.
A composition comprising a mixture comprising:
- (i) at least one p-type material, (ii) at least one n-type material, wherein the n-type material comprises at least one fullerene derivative comprising at least one [6,6] fullerene bonding site wherein both carbon atoms of the [6,6] bonding site are covalently bonded to a group R.
A composition comprising a mixture comprising:
- (i) at least one p-type material, (ii) at least one n-type material, wherein the n-type material comprises a fullerene derivative comprising at least one fullerene covalently bonded by [4+2] cycloaddition to at least one derivative moiety.
A photovoltaic device comprising at least one anode, at least one cathode, and at least one active layer, wherein the active layer comprises a composition comprising a mixture comprising:
- (i) at least one p-type material, (ii) at least one n-type material, wherein the n-type material comprises a fullerene derivative represented by:
- F*−(R)n
- and solvates, salts, and mixtures thereof,
- wherein n is at least one,
- F* comprises a fullerene having a surface which comprises six-membered and five-membered rings;
- and
- R comprises at least one optionally substituted, unsaturated or saturated, carbocyclic or heterocyclic first ring, wherein the first ring directly bonds to the fullerene.
A method of making a composition comprising a mixture comprising:
- (i) providing at least one p-type material, (ii) providing at least one n-type material, wherein the n-type material comprises a fullerene derivative represented by:
- F*−(R)n
- and solvates, salts, and mixtures thereof,
- wherein n is at least one,
- F* comprises a fullerene having a surface which comprises six-membered and five-membered rings;
- and
- R comprises at least one optionally substituted, unsaturated or saturated, carbocyclic or heterocyclic first ring, wherein the first ring directly bonds to the fullerene.
- (iii) combining the p-type and n-type materials to form the mixture, wherein the mixture further comprises at least one solvent.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.